October 1939 Germans begin killing of people with disabilities.

October 1939
Germans begin killing of people with disabilities.



The systematic killing begins of those Germans whom the Nazis deem "unworthy of life." Groups of "consultants" visit hospitals and nursing homes and decide who is to die.

Selected patients are sent to one of six gassing installations established as part of the "Euthanasia" Program: Bernburg, Brandenburg, Grafeneck, Hadamar, Hartheim, and Sonnenstein.

These patients are killed in gas chambers using carbon monoxide gas.

The experts who participated in the "Euthanasia" Program are later instrumental in establishing and operating the killing centers established for the mass murder of Jews.


December 8, 1941
First killing center begins operation.


The Chelmno killing center begins operation. The Nazis later establish four other such camps: Belzec, Sobibor, Treblinka, and Auschwitz-Birkenau (part of the Auschwitz camp complex).

Victims at Chelmno are killed in gas vans (hermetically sealed trucks with engine exhaust diverted to the interior compartment).

The Belzec, Sobibor, and Treblinka camps use carbon monoxide gas generated by stationary engines attached to gas chambers.

Auschwitz-Birkenau, the largest of the killing centers, has four large gas chambers using Zyklon B View This Term in the Glossary (crystalline hydrogen cyanide) as the killing agent.

Nearly 2,700,000 Jews are killed in the gas chambers in the killing centers as part of the "Final Solution."


JUNE 22, 1944
First gassing at Ravensbrück concentration camp.


The first documented gassing at the women's camp at Ravensbrück occurs.

The gas chambers at Ravensbrück and at other camps that were not designed specifically as killing centers—including Stutthof, Mauthausen, and Sachsenhausen—are relatively small.

These gas chambers were constructed to kill those prisoners the Nazis deemed "unfit" for work. Most of these camps used Zyklon B View This Term in the Glossary in the gas chambers.




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